Tamil Nadu • 5 monuments
Among the fabulous Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, designated as the World Heritage Site by UNESCO, are the Panch Rathas or Five Chariots, astoundingly carved over monolithic pink granite stones. Dating way back to the 7th century, these masterpieces are dedicated to the Pandavas (five heroic brothers from Mahabharata) and their wife Draupadi. The most attractive one is Dharmaraja Ratha, dedicated to the eldest of the five brothers, admired for its pyramidal structure and many splendid carvings. Other four are Bheema Ratha, Arjuna Ratha, Nakula and Sehdeva Ratha and Draupadi Ratha, each having a different layout but a compelling design. Interestingly, none of the five stone chariots are complete in design. The group also consists of impressive monolithic structures of a lion, a bull and an elephant. Located close to the coast, these monuments are surrounded by many other equally charming heritage gems like Shore Temple and Arjuna’s Penance.
The Cave Temples of Mahabalipuramoverlook the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. These rock cut temples were originally used as temples during the Buddhist and Jain periods. Of the eleven caves in Mahabalipuram, the most well-known ones include the Varaha Cave Temple, Krishna Cave Temple, Panchapandava Cave Temple, and the MahishasuramardiniMandapa. The shore temple built during the reign of Pallavas remains as one of India’s oldest structural stone temples and is a UNESCO world heritage site. This spectacular temple complex dating back to the 8 th century comprises of three rock temples that stand on the coastline of the Bay of Bengal. The main deity of this temple is Lord Shiva and the temples testify the unique Dravidian architectural style. Though the sea and wind erosion has caused damage to the carvings and intricate rock patterns, the sculptures on the Shore Temple remain the best masterpieces in temple architecture.
One of the greatest bas-reliefs the world has ever seen, Arjuna’s Penance is a miraculous representation of excellent artistry. The relief, which is believed to be hundreds of years old, is carved on two gigantic boulders (of pink granite) separated by a natural cleft. It is an incredible experience to explore the beautifully carved figures of Gods, demigods, celestial creatures, humans, birds and animals like elephants and monkeys. Also called the Descent of Ganga (River Ganges), the relief portrays popular legends like penance performed by Arjuna (one of the five Pandavas) to please Lord Shiva and penance performed by King Bhagirath to bring the holy River Ganga on the earth. The relief is a part of the Group of Monuments of Mahabalipuram, listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Other attractions of the group include Shore Temple, Five Rathas, Mahishamardini Cave and Thirukadalmallai Temple.
A smooth slope with a slippery hillside - the setting is perfect for anything to roll down. But not at Mamallapuram, where a giant boulder has been constantly disobeying the laws of Physics since centuries! Popularly known as Krishna’s Butterball, this balancing rock easily attracts flocks of tourists on everyday basis. According to the popular tales, even the elephants attempting to move the rock from its position failed. Measuring about 5 m. in diameter, the rock forms an unbelievable 45 degree angle with the surface. It is indeed a great thrilling experience to enjoy sitting under its shade. The lush green surroundings add to the delight of being at this spot. Children can be seen sliding down the hillside starting near the rock. Don’t miss the opportunity to click some unusual photos posing near this nature’s wonder.
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust and Centre for Herpetology, also known as Crocodile Bank or CrocBank, is Asia’s first crocodile breeding centre and India’s biggest crocodile sanctuary. Established for the purpose of preserving three endangered species of Indian crocodile, mugger, gharial and saltwater crocodile, the centre is also acclaimed for its research work and for education people about these reptiles. In addition to the three native crocodile species, the centre also boasts of crocodiles from other parts of the world. These include common, yacare and dwarf caiman; American alligator, Nile crocodile, false gharial and Australian freshwater crocodile among others. Tourists also get to explore other species including Indian rock python, spectacled cobra, caiman lizard and a variety of freshwater turtles. Recently introduced green anacondas have added to the prestige of this extremely popular tourist spot. Tourists may also take night safari tour on Saturday and Sunday (07:00 p.m. to 08:30 p.m.) that cost INR 20 for children and INR 60 for adults. Summer weekend camps and many such events are popular among the tourists visiting the centre.
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